Math Symbols List
A reference list of the most common mathematical symbols, grouped by type, with each symbol's name and meaning. Click a symbol to copy it, or open the math keyboard online to build a whole expression.
Type equations without hunting for codes — copy any symbol from our keyboard straight into Word, Docs or LaTeX.
Open the Math Keyboard →Operators & calculus
| Symbol | Name | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ∑ | Summation (sigma) | Add a sequence of terms |
| ∏ | Product (pi) | Multiply a sequence of terms |
| ∫ | Integral | Integration; area under a curve |
| ∮ | Contour integral | Integral around a closed curve |
| ∂ | Partial derivative | Differentiate with respect to one variable |
| ∇ | Nabla / del | Gradient, divergence and curl operator |
| √ | Square root | The root of a number |
| ∛ | Cube root | The cube root of a number |
| ∞ | Infinity | An unbounded quantity |
| ∓ | Minus-or-plus | Take the opposite sign pairing to ± |
| ∠ | Angle | Denotes a geometric angle |
Relations & comparisons
| Symbol | Name | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ≠ | Not equal to | The two sides are different |
| ≈ | Approximately equal | Roughly equal to |
| ≡ | Identical / congruent | Equal by definition or in every case |
| ≤ | Less than or equal | At most |
| ≥ | Greater than or equal | At least |
| ∝ | Proportional to | Varies in direct proportion |
Set theory & logic
| Symbol | Name | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ∈ | Element of | Belongs to a set |
| ∉ | Not an element of | Does not belong to a set |
| ⊂ | Subset of | Every element is contained in another set |
| ∪ | Union | All elements in either set |
| ∩ | Intersection | Elements common to both sets |
| ∅ | Empty set | A set with no elements |
| ∀ | For all | Universal quantifier |
| ∃ | There exists | Existential quantifier |
Greek letters in math
Greek letters are used constantly as variables and constants — π for the circle constant, θ for angles, λ for eigenvalues, σ for standard deviation. See the full Greek alphabet reference for all 24 letters, or jump to the most common ones:
Frequently asked questions
How do I copy and paste math symbols?
Click the symbol in any table above — it copies to your clipboard, ready to paste into Word, Google Docs, email or code. Everything here is standard Unicode, so it looks the same on every device.
What is the difference between ∑ and ∏?
∑ (capital sigma) tells you to add a sequence of terms; ∏ (capital pi) tells you to multiply them.
How do I type symbols that aren't on my keyboard?
Copy them from the math keyboard, type their Unicode code point followed by Alt+X in Word, or use LaTeX commands like \sum, \int and \infty.