β
Summation Symbol (β)
Copy the Summation symbol β to your clipboard, and see its Unicode code point, HTML entity, LaTeX command and how to type it on any device.
What does β mean?
The nβary summation sign (capital sigma) instructs you to add a sequence of terms, with the starting index below and the ending value above. It is everywhere in statistics (means and variances), series, and algorithms.
Codes and properties
| Character | β |
|---|---|
| Unicode name | N-ARY SUMMATION |
| Code point | U+2211 |
| Decimal | 8721 |
| Unicode block | Mathematical Operators |
| HTML entity | ∑ Β· ∑ Β· ∑ |
| CSS | \2211 |
| JavaScript / JSON | \u2211 |
| Python | \u2211 or \N{N-ARY SUMMATION} |
| UTF-8 bytes | E2 88 91 |
| LaTeX | \sum |
How to type β
- Copy & paste: press the Copy button above, then paste β anywhere β Word, Google Docs, email, chat or code.
- Windows (Word, WordPad, Outlook): type
2211then press Alt+X. In any app, Win+. opens the symbol panel. - Mac: switch to the Unicode Hex Input keyboard, hold Option and type
2211; or press Ctrl+Cmd+Space and search βn-ary summationβ. - Linux (GTK/IBus): press Ctrl+Shift+U, type
2211, then Space. - HTML:
∑renders as β. - LaTeX:
\sumin math mode (amssymb package for some symbols).
Frequently asked questions
How is β different from β«?
β adds a discrete list of terms; β« βaddsβ a continuous quantity via integration.
What goes above and below β?
Below: the index and its start value; above: the final value the index reaches.
How do I type β on Windows?
In Microsoft Word type 2211 and press Alt+X. In any app press Win+. to open the symbol panel, or copy β from this page.
What is the HTML code for β?
Use ∑ or ∑ (hex) or ∑ (decimal).
What is the LaTeX command for β?
Use \sum in math mode.