∑
Math Operator 2211 in Mathematics
In Mathematics, the Math Operator 2211 symbol (∑) is commonly used. Learn how to copy and use it in your technical documents.
Unicode
U+2211
HTML Entity
∑
LaTeX Sequence
\mathoperator2211
Primary Field
MathematicsMathematics Application
The n‑ary summation sign (capital sigma) instructs you to add a sequence of terms, with the starting index below and the ending value above. It is everywhere in statistics (means and variances), series, and algorithms.
How to type Summation (∑)
- Fastest: click ∑ on the keyboard above — it copies to your clipboard, ready to paste into Word, Google Docs, email or a forum.
- Unicode: the code point is shown in the panel above; on Windows you can also use Alt‑X after the hex code in Word.
- LaTeX: use the command shown above inside math mode.
- Anywhere: because it’s standard Unicode, it keeps its exact form across apps and devices.
Frequently asked questions
How is ∑ different from ∫?
∑ adds a discrete list of terms; ∫ ‘adds’ a continuous quantity via integration.
What goes above and below ∑?
Below: the index and its start value; above: the final value the index reaches.
Write mathematical and scientific expressions
Need to pair this symbol with other operators?