∝
Proportional To Symbol (∝)
Copy the Proportional To symbol ∝ to your clipboard, and see its Unicode code point, HTML entity, LaTeX command and how to type it on any device.
What does ∝ mean?
∝ means “is proportional to”: F ∝ a means force varies in direct proportion to acceleration. Its official Unicode name is PROPORTIONAL TO.
Codes and properties
| Character | ∝ |
|---|---|
| Unicode name | PROPORTIONAL TO |
| Code point | U+221D |
| Decimal | 8733 |
| Unicode block | Mathematical Operators |
| HTML entity | ∝ · ∝ · ∝ |
| CSS | \221D |
| JavaScript / JSON | \u221D |
| Python | \u221D or \N{PROPORTIONAL TO} |
| UTF-8 bytes | E2 88 9D |
| LaTeX | \propto |
How to type ∝
- Copy & paste: press the Copy button above, then paste ∝ anywhere — Word, Google Docs, email, chat or code.
- Windows (Word, WordPad, Outlook): type
221Dthen press Alt+X. In any app, Win+. opens the symbol panel. - Mac (any symbol): switch to the Unicode Hex Input keyboard, hold Option and type
221D; or press Ctrl+Cmd+Space and search “proportional to”. - Linux (GTK/IBus): press Ctrl+Shift+U, type
221d, then Space. - HTML:
∝renders as ∝. - LaTeX:
\proptoin math mode (amssymb package for some symbols).
Frequently asked questions
How do I type ∝ on Windows?
In Microsoft Word type 221D and press Alt+X. In any app press Win+. to open the symbol panel, or copy ∝ from this page.
How do I type ∝ on a Mac?
Open the Character Viewer with Ctrl+Cmd+Space and search “proportional to”, or switch to Unicode Hex Input and hold Option while typing 221D.
What is the HTML code for ∝?
Use ∝ or ∝ (hex) or ∝ (decimal).
What is the LaTeX command for ∝?
Use \propto in math mode.
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Reference: Unicode code chart: Mathematical Operators (U+2200–U+22FF)